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Purified anti-TGM2 Antibody

Pricing & Availability
Clone
4G3 (See other available formats)
Regulatory Status
RUO
Other Names
TG2, TTG, Tissue Transglutaminase, tTG, Transglutaminase II, TGase II, Protein-Glutamine Deamidase, Transglutaminase C
Isotype
Mouse IgG1, κ
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Product Citations
publications
4G3_PURE_TGM2_Antibody_1_111424
Whole cell extracts (15 μg total protein) from indicated cell lines were resolved by 4-12% Bis-Tris gel electrophoresis, transferred to a PVDF membrane, and probed with Purified anti-TGM2 (clone 4G3). Proteins were visualized by chemiluminescence detection using HRP Goat anti-mouse IgG (Cat. No. 405306). Direct-Blot™ HRP anti-GAPDH (Cat. No. 649203) was used as a loading control. Western-Ready™ ECL Substrate Premium Kit (Cat. No. 426319) was used as a detection agent. Lane M: Molecular weight marker
  • 4G3_PURE_TGM2_Antibody_1_111424
    Whole cell extracts (15 μg total protein) from indicated cell lines were resolved by 4-12% Bis-Tris gel electrophoresis, transferred to a PVDF membrane, and probed with Purified anti-TGM2 (clone 4G3). Proteins were visualized by chemiluminescence detection using HRP Goat anti-mouse IgG (Cat. No. 405306). Direct-Blot™ HRP anti-GAPDH (Cat. No. 649203) was used as a loading control. Western-Ready™ ECL Substrate Premium Kit (Cat. No. 426319) was used as a detection agent. Lane M: Molecular weight marker
  • 4G3_PURE_TGM2_Antibody_2_111424
    IHC staining with anti-TGM2 (clone 4G3) was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded mouse colon tissue following antigen retrieval using Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 Antigen Retrieval Buffer (Cat. No. 422704). The tissue sections were incubated with Alexa Fluor® 647 secondary antibody only (panel A) or Purified anti-TGM2 (clone 4G3) (Panels B and C), followed by incubation with Alexa Fluor® 647 Goat anti-mouse IgG (Cat. No. 405322). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Cat. No. 422801) (panels A and C). Scale Bar: 50 µm
  • 4G3_PURE_TGM2_Antibody_3_111424
    IHC staining with anti-TGM2 (Clone 4G3) was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human cervix tissue following antigen retrieval using Citrate Buffer (Cat. No. 420902). The tissue sections were incubated with Alexa Fluor® 647 secondary antibody only (panel A) or Purified anti-TGM2 (clone 4G3) (panels B and C), followed by incubation with Alexa Fluor® 647 Goat anti-mouse IgG (Cat. No. 405322). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Cat. No. 422801) (panels A and C). Scale Bar: 50 µm
  • 4G3_PURE_TGM2_Antibody_4_111424-2
    The indicated low (solid line histogram) and high (purple histogram) TGM2 expressing human (panel A) and mouse (panel B) cell lines were fixed and permeabilized using True-Phos™ Perm Buffer Set (Cat. No. 425401). Then, the cells were intracellularly stained with Purified anti-TGM2 (clone 4G3) or Purified Mouse IgG1, k Isotype Control (Cat No. 400101, dashed histogram) followed by Alexa Fluor® 647 Goat anti-mouse (Cat. No. 405322).
  • 4G3_PURE_TGM2_Antibody_6_111424
    Human PBMC-derived macrophages untreated (left panels) or treated with recombinant human IL-4 (Cat. No. 574016) and recombinant human IL-13 (Cat. No. 571116) (right panels) were fixed and permeabilized with 4% PFA and ice-cold methanol and then intracellular stained with Purified anti-TGM2 (Clone 4G3) (bottom panels) or Purified Mouse IgG1, κ Isotype Control (Cat. No. 400101) (top panels) followed by Alexa Fluor®647 Goat anti-mouse (Cat. No. 405322). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Cat. No. 422801). The images were captured on a Revvity Operetta CLS™ High Content Analysis System with a 63X objective. Scale bar: 50 μm
  • 4G3_PURE_TGM2_Antibody_6_111424-2
    Mouse bone marrow derived macrophages untreated (left panels) or treated with recombinant mouse IL-4 (Cat. No. 574302) and recombinant mouse IL-13 (Cat. No. 575902) (right panels) were fixed and permeabilized with 4% PFA and ice-cold methanol and then intracellular stained with Purified anti-TGM2 (Clone 4G3) (bottom panels) or Purified Mouse IgG1, κ Isotype Control (Cat. No. 400101) (top panels) followed by Alexa Fluor®647 Goat anti-mouse (Cat. No. 405322). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Cat. No. 422801). The images were captured on a Revvity Operetta CLS™ High Content Analysis System with a 63X objective. Scale bar: 50 μm
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641351 25 µg 128€
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641352 100 µg 360€
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Description

Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, also known as TGM2, is a multifunctional enzyme involved in various biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and tissue repair. It catalyzes protein crosslinking by bonding glutamine and lysine residues. It also functions as a deamidase, GTPase, and protein disulfide isomerase. In macrophages, TGM2 expression is induced by Th2 cytokines and plays an important role in M2 differentiation. These M2 macrophages are involved in anti-inflammatory responses, tissue repair, and remodeling. In addition, TGM2 helps in stabilizing the extracellular matrix and promoting cell adhesion, which are crucial for the proper functioning and differentiation of these macrophages. Dysregulation of TGM2 has been linked to several diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and fibrosis. Overexpression of TGM2 is associated with tumor progression and chemoresistance, while its role in neurodegeneration involves the formation of protein aggregates.

Product Details
Technical Data Sheet (pdf)

Product Details

Verified Reactivity
Human, Mouse
Antibody Type
Monoclonal
Host Species
Mouse
Immunogen
Purified human erythrocyte Transglutaminase 2
Formulation
Phosphate-buffered solution, pH 7.2, containing 0.09% sodium azide
Preparation
The antibody was purified by affinity chromatography.
Concentration
0.5 mg/mL
Storage & Handling
The antibody solution should be stored undiluted between 2°C and 8°C.
Application

WB - Quality tested

IHC-P, ICC, ICFC - Verified
Recommended Usage

Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by western blotting. For western blotting, the suggested use of this reagent is 0.5 - 1.0 µg/mL. For immunohistochemistry, a concentration range of 1.0 - 10.0 µg/mL is suggested. For immunocytochemistry, a concentration range of 2.5 - 10.0 μg/mL is recommended. Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by intracellular immunofluorescent staining with flow cytometric analysis. For flow cytometric staining, the suggested use of this reagent is ≤ 0.125 µg per million cells in 100 µL volume. It is recommended that the reagent be titrated for optimal performance for each application. It is recommended that the reagent be titrated for optimal performance for each application.

Application Notes

For use of this antibody (clone 4G3), in immunocytochemistry (ICC), we recommend fixation/permeabilization with 4% PFA and ice-cold methanol. We do not recommend PFA/Triton X-100 or methanol alone.

For use of this antibody (clone 4G3) in immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues (IHC-P), we recommend Citrate Buffer (Cat. No. 420902) for antigen retrieval.

For use of this antibody (clone 4G3) in intracellular flow cytometry (ICFC), we recommend fixation/permeabilization with True-Phos™ Perm Buffer (Cat No. 425401). We do not recommend on Cyto-Fast™ Fix/Perm Buffer Set (Cat. No. 426803).

Antigen Details

Structure
TGM2 is a 686 amino acid length protein with a molecular weight of approximately 77 kDa.
Distribution

TGM2 is predominantly located in the cytoplasm, but it is also present in the plasma membrane, mitochondria, and nucleus. It is also secreted to the ECM. 

Function
• Protein Crosslinking: catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between glutamine and lysine residues in proteins
• Cell Adhesion: facilitates cell-matrix interactions, aiding in tissue repair and wound healing
• Apoptosis: involved in programmed cell death, contributing to cellular homeostasis
• Signal Transduction: acts as a GTPase, participating in intracellular signaling pathways
• Extracellular Matrix Stabilization: helps in maintaining the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix
Interaction
• ACO2 (Aconitase 2): involved in the citric acid cycle
• HSPB6 (Heat Shock Protein Beta-6): plays a role in muscle function and stress response
• FN1 (Fibronectin 1): important for cell adhesion and wound healing
• HMGB1 (High Mobility Group Box 1): functions in DNA binding and repair
• RAP1GDS1 (RAP1 GTPase-GDP Dissociation Stimulator 1): involved in signal transduction
• SLC25A4/ANT1 (Solute Carrier Family 25 Member 4/Adenine Nucleotide Translocator 1): plays a role in mitochondrial function
• SPP1 (Secreted Phosphoprotein 1): involved in bone remodeling and immune response
• WDR54 (WD Repeat Domain 54): functions are less well characterized
Cell Type
Endothelial cells, Epithelial cells, Leukocytes, Macrophages
Biology Area
Adaptive Immunity, Cancer Biomarkers, Cell Biology, Immuno-Oncology, Immunology, Innate Immunity, Stem Cells
Molecular Family
Enzymes and Regulators
Antigen References
  1. Tatsukawa H, et al. 2021. Cells. 10(7):1842
  2. Jiang SH, et al. 2021. J Cell Sci. 134(11)
  3. Zhang, et al. 2023. Cellular Oncology. 46:1473
  4. Chrobok NL. et al. 2018. Plos One. 13(4)
Regulation
• Calcium Ions: activation is highly dependent on the presence of calcium ions
• GTP/GDP Binding: GTP binding inhibits its transamidation activity, while GDP binding can activate it
• Post-Translational Modifications: phosphorylation and other modifications can influence its activity and localization
• Cytokines: expression can be upregulated by cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13, especially in macrophages
Gene ID
7052 View all products for this Gene ID
UniProt
View information about TGM2 on UniProt.org
Go To Top Version: 1    Revision Date: 11.14.2024

For Research Use Only. Not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.

 

This product is supplied subject to the terms and conditions, including the limited license, located at www.biolegend.com/terms) ("Terms") and may be used only as provided in the Terms. Without limiting the foregoing, BioLegend products may not be used for any Commercial Purpose as defined in the Terms, resold in any form, used in manufacturing, or reverse engineered, sequenced, or otherwise studied or used to learn its design or composition without express written approval of BioLegend. Regardless of the information given in this document, user is solely responsible for determining any license requirements necessary for user’s intended use and assumes all risk and liability arising from use of the product. BioLegend is not responsible for patent infringement or any other risks or liabilities whatsoever resulting from the use of its products.

 

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This data display is provided for general comparisons between formats.
Your actual data may vary due to variations in samples, target cells, instruments and their settings, staining conditions, and other factors.
If you need assistance with selecting the best format contact our expert technical support team.

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