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- Regulatory Status
- RUO
- Other Names
- Small inducible cytokine subfamily D, member 1 (SCYD1), Neurotactin (NTT, NTN)
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- Product Citations
- publications
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BaF3-mCX3CR1 cells chemoattracted by human CX3CL1.
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CX3CL1 is a unique chemokine subclass, synthesized as a transmembrane molecule. It consists of an extracellular NH2-terminal domain, a mucin-like stalk, a transmembrane α helix, and a short cytoplasmic tail. CX3CL1 exists in two forms: as a membrane-anchored or as a shed 80-95K glycoprotein. Soluble CX3CL1 is generated by limited proteolysis on the cell surface, and a disintegrin and metallopeptidase 10 (ADAM10) and ADAM17/tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme (ADAM17/TACE) participate in this shedding. It has been suggested that ADAM10 acts in the constitutive shedding, and ADAM17 acts in response to cell activation. CX3CL1 is associated with the development of different diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), rheumatoid vasculitis (RV), Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, multiple sclerosis, and atherosclerosis. Soluble fractalkine has been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neuropsychiatric lupus, and is present at higher levels in the serum of patients with SS, RA, and type 2 diabetes than in control subjects.
Product DetailsProduct Details
- Source
- Human CX3CL1, N-Met, amino acids Gln25-Gly100 (Accession# NM_002996.3) was expressed in E. coli.
- Molecular Mass
- The 77 amino acid recombinant protein has a predicted molecular mass of approximately 8.77 kD. The DTT-reduced protein migrates at approximately 12 kD and non-reduced protein migrates at 15.5 kD by SDS-PAGE. The N-terminal amino acid is Met.
- Purity
- >98%, as determined by Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE.
- Formulation
- 0.22 µm filtered protein solution is in 10 mM NaH2PO4, 0.15 M NaCl, pH 7.2.
- Endotoxin Level
- Less than 0.01 ng per µg cytokine as determined by the LAL method.
- Concentration
- 10 and 25 µg sizes are bottled at 200 µg/mL. 100 µg size and larger sizes are lot-specific and bottled at the concentration indicated on the vial. To obtain lot-specific concentration and expiration, please enter the lot number in our Certificate of Analysis online tool.
- Storage & Handling
- Unopened vial can be stored between 2°C and 8°C for up to 2 weeks, at -20°C for up to six months, or at -70°C or colder until the expiration date. For maximum results, quick spin vial prior to opening. The protein can be aliquoted and stored at -20°C or colder. Stock solutions can also be prepared at 50 - 100 µg/mL in appropriate sterile buffer, carrier protein such as 0.2 - 1% BSA or HSA can be added when preparing the stock solution. Aliquots can be stored between 2°C and 8°C for up to one week and stored at -20°C or colder for up to 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
- Activity
- Bioactivity was measured by its property to chemoattract BaF3-mCX3CR1 transfectants in a dose dependent manner.
- Application
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Bioassay
- Application Notes
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BioLegend carrier-free recombinant proteins provided in liquid format are shipped on blue-ice. Our comparison testing data indicates that when handled and stored as recommended, the liquid format has equal or better stability and shelf-life compared to commercially available lyophilized proteins after reconstitution. Our liquid proteins are verified in-house to maintain activity after shipping on blue ice and are backed by our 100% satisfaction guarantee. If you have any concerns, contact us at tech@biolegend.com.
Antigen Details
- Structure
- Chemokine.
- Distribution
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Microglia, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, neuronal cells, hepatocytes, smooth muscle cells, monocytes, adipocytes, and human astrocytes stimulated by TNFα and IFNγ. CX3CL1 is also expressed in macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial, and dendritic cells in RA synovial tissue.
- Function
- CX3CL1 has potent chemoattractant activity for T cells, monocytes, and natural killer cells, and the expression of CX3CL1 in activated endothelial cells promotes strong adhesion of those leukocytes. CXC3L1 is induced in endothelial cells by proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IFNγ, IL-1β) and LPS.
- Interaction
- Monocytic cells, smooth muscle cells, T cells, B lymphocytes, NK cells, microglia, and astrocytes.
- Ligand/Receptor
- CX3CR1.
- Biology Area
- Cell Biology, Signal Transduction
- Molecular Family
- Cytokines/Chemokines
- Antigen References
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1. Bazan JF, et al. 1997. Nature 385:640.
2. Hundhausen C, et al. 2003. Blood 102:1186.
3. Sato E, et al. 2006. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 65:1257.
4. Hundhausen C, et al. 2007 J. Immunol. 178:8064.
5. Jones B, et al. 2011. Front. Immunol. 2:82.
6. Hamann I, et al. 2011. Immunology 133:62.
7. Shah R, et al. 2011. Diabetes 60:1512. - Gene ID
- 6376 View all products for this Gene ID
- UniProt
- View information about CX3CL1 on UniProt.org
Related Pages & Pathways
Pathways
Related FAQs
- Why choose BioLegend recombinant proteins?
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• Each lot of product is quality-tested for bioactivity as indicated on the data sheet.
• Greater than 95% Purity or higher, tested on every lot of product.
• 100% Satisfaction Guarantee for quality performance, stability, and consistency.
• Ready-to-use liquid format saves time and reduces challenges associated with reconstitution.
• Bulk and customization available. Contact us.
• Learn more about our Recombinant Proteins. - How does the activity of your recombinant proteins compare to competitors?
-
We quality control each and every lot of recombinant protein. Not only do we check its bioactivity, but we also compare it against other commercially available recombinant proteins. We make sure each recombinant protein’s activity is at least as good as or better than the competition’s. In order to provide you with the best possible product, we ensure that our testing process is rigorous and thorough. If you’re curious and eager to make the switch to BioLegend recombinants, contact your sales representative today!
- What is the specific activity or ED50 of my recombinant protein?
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The specific activity range of the protein is indicated on the product datasheets. Because the exact activity values on a per unit basis can largely fluctuate depending on a number of factors, including the nature of the assay, cell density, age of cells/passage number, culture media used, and end user technique, the specific activity is best defined as a range and we guarantee the specific activity of all our lots will be within the range indicated on the datasheet. Please note this only applies to recombinants labeled for use in bioassays. ELISA standard recombinant proteins are not recommended for bioassay usage as they are not tested for these applications.
- Have your recombinants been tested for stability?
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Our testing shows that the recombinant proteins are able to withstand room temperature for a week without losing activity. In addition the recombinant proteins were also found to withstand four cycles of freeze and thaw without losing activity.
- Does specific activity of a recombinant protein vary between lots?
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Specific activity will vary for each lot and for the type of experiment that is done to validate it, but all passed lots will have activity within the established ED50 range for the product and we guarantee that our products will have lot-to-lot consistency. Please conduct an experiment-specific validation to find the optimal ED50 for your system.
- How do you convert activity as an ED50 in ng/ml to a specific activity in Units/mg?
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Use formula Specific activity (Units/mg) = 10^6/ ED50 (ng/mL)
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