- Regulatory Status
- RUO
- Other Names
- Insulin-like growth factor II, somatomedin A
| Cat # | Size | Price | Quantity Check Availability | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 714104 | 50 µg | $253.00 | |||
This product is not available for shipping outside of the United States.
IGF-II is a member of the IGF family, comprised of three members (IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin). IGF-I and IGF-II share approximately 50% similarity with insulin at the amino acid level. IGF-II is synthesized as a 180 amino acid prepro-IGF-II; pro-IGF-II is processed to its mature, active protein form by glucose regulating protein 94 (GRP94), which possesses chaperone activity towards IGF-II. GRP94 and IGF-II play a key role in muscle differentiation. Seven binding proteins have been described (IGFBP-1 to -7). IGFBPs extend the half life and regulate the availability of the IGFI and IGFII. It has been described that IGFBP3 is the main circulating binding protein for IGFs; in serum, approximately 75% of circulating IGF-I and IGF-II bind to IGFBP3 and the co-carrier acid labile subunit (ALS). IGF-II binds to three receptors, and the binding to IGFIR promotes cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and migration as well as metabolic function of IGF-II. Embryonic stem cell differentiation into endothelial cells is promoted by the binding of IGF-II to IGFR1. IGF-II binding to IGF-IIR induces internalization and clearing of IGF-II. Osteogenic differentiation and bone formation is enhanced by IGF-II through bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9). Polymorphisms of IGF-II are associated with obesity, cardiovascular risk factors, and hypertension.
Product Details
- Source
- Human IGF-II, amino acids (Ala25-Glu91) (Accession# X03562.1), was expressed in E. coli.
- Molecular Mass
- The 67 amino acid recombinant protein has a predicted molecular mass of approximately 7.5 kD. The N-terminal amino acid is Ala.
- Purity
- >98%, as determined by Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE and HPLC analysis.
- Formulation
- Lyophilized, carrier-free.
- Endotoxin Level
- Less than 0.1 ng per µg of protein.
- Storage & Handling
- Unopened vial can be stored at -20°C or -70°C. For maximum results, quick spin vial prior to opening. Reconstitute in water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/ml. Do not vortex. It is recommended to further dilute in a buffer, such as 5% Trehalose, and store working aliquots at -20°C to -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
- Activity
- ED50 is ≤ 2.0 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of ≥ 5.0 x 105 units/mg as determined by its ability to stimulate the proliferation of mouse FDC-P1 cells.
- Application
-
Bioassay
- Application Notes
-
This product is reactive with human and mouse.
Antigen Details
- Structure
- Growth factor
- Distribution
- Astrocytes, podocytes, hepatocytes, microglia, osteoblast, myoblast.
- Function
- IGF-II induces mitogenesis, proliferation, growth, differentiation, and angiogenesis. IGF-II is a mediator of growth hormone action. IGF-II is involved in neuronal and muscular differentiation as well as organ development. TGF-β1 diminishes IGF-II gene expression and secretion in myoblasts.
- Ligand/Receptor
- IGF-I receptor, Insulin receptor isoform A, and IGF-II receptor (M-6-P-R).
- Cell Type
- Neural Stem Cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Hematopoietic stem and progenitors, Embryonic Stem Cells
- Biology Area
- Cell Biology, Signal Transduction, Stem Cells
- Molecular Family
- Growth Factors, Cytokines/Chemokines
- Antigen References
-
1. Bell GI, et al. 1984. Nature 310:775.
2. Chen L, et al. 2010. J. Bone Miner Res. 25:2447.
3. Ostrovsky O, et al. 2010. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1803:333.
4. Gardner S, et al. 2011. Mol. Endocrinol. 25:128.
5. Piecewicz SM, et al. 2012. PLoS One 7:e32191.
6. Church DN, et al. 2012. Oncogene 31:3635.
7. Hale LJ, et al. 2013. J. Pathol. 230:95.
8. Liu ZK, et al. 2012. PLoS One 7:e45224. - Gene ID
- 3481 View all products for this Gene ID
- UniProt
- View information about IGF-II on UniProt.org