- Clone
- A1 (See other available formats)
- Regulatory Status
- RUO
- Workshop
- HCDM listed
- Other Names
- gp80, E-ATPDase, NTPDase-1, ecto-apyrase, Ec3.6.1.5
- Isotype
- Mouse IgG1, κ
- Ave. Rating
- Submit a Review
- Product Citations
- publications
Human CD39 is an integral membrane protein with two transmembrane domains. It exists as a homotetramer. Expression of CD39 is found on activated lymphocytes, a subset of T cells and B cells, and dendritic cells with weak staining on monocytes and granulocytes. CD39 and CD73 have been found on regulatory T cells, specifically the effector/memory like T cells. CD39 can hydrolyze both nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. CD39 is the dominant ecto nucleotidase of vascular and placental trophoblastic tissues and appears to modulate the functional expression of type 2 purinergic (P2) G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). CD39 has intrinsic ecto-ATPase activity. Expression of CD39 is induced on T cells and increased on B cells as a late activation antigen.
Product DetailsProduct Details
- Verified Reactivity
- Human, Cynomolgus, Rhesus
- Antibody Type
- Monoclonal
- Host Species
- Mouse
- Immunogen
- PHA activated human lymphocytes
- Formulation
- Phosphate-buffered solution, pH 7.2, containing 0.09% sodium azide
- Preparation
- The antibody was purified by affinity chromatography and conjugated with Spark Red™ 718 under optimal conditions.
- Concentration
- 0.2 mg/mL
- Storage & Handling
- The antibody solution should be stored undiluted between 2°C and 8°C, and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
- Application
-
FC
- Recommended Usage
-
Flexi-Fluors™ are provided at a standard 0.2 mg/mL concentration. We recommend titrating this reagent to determine the optimal concentration for each application. For many flow cytometry applications, conjugated antibodies perform well at concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 1.0 µg per million cells in 100 µL. We recommend testing a range of concentrations starting from 10 µg/mL.
For example, make five 1:1 serial dilutions of the 0.2 mg/mL antibody. Add 5 µL of each dilution (including the undiluted antibody) to 100 µL of cells (at 107 cells/mL) to test six concentrations -- 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.06, and 0.03 µg per million cells in 100 µL volume. Compare staining patterns or create a titration curve using the MFI or staining index to determine the optimal concentration. - Excitation Laser
-
Red Laser (633 nm)
- Application Notes
-
The A1 antibody binds to the human CD39 cell surface antigen and has been shown to block MHC independent target cell recognition by hapten-specific CTL. Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: in vitro CD39 blockade3, immunofluorescence4, immunohistochemistry6, and spatial biology (IBEX)7,8. The Ultra-LEAF™ purified antibody (Endotoxin < 0.01 EU/µg, Azide-Free, 0.2 µm filtered) is recommended for blocking assays (contact our custom solutions team).
- Additional Product Notes
-
For more information about Flexi-Fluors™, visit our Flexi-Fluor™ page and review FAQs associated with this product line.
- Application References
-
- Aversa GG, et al. 1988. Transplant. P. 20:4952.
- Aversa GG, et al. 1989. Transplant. P. 21:34950.
- Borsellino G, et al. 2007. Blood. 110:1225. (Block)
- Stockl J, et al. 2001. J. Immunol. 167:2724. (IF)
- Sestak K, et al. 2007. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 119:21.
- Lyck L, et al. 2008. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 56:201. (IHC)
- Radtke AJ, et al. 2020. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 117:33455-33465. (SB) PubMed
- Radtke AJ, et al. 2022. Nat Protoc. 17:378-401. (SB) PubMed
Antigen Details
- Distribution
-
Activated lymphocytes, and also on a subset of T cells, regulatory T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells.
- Cell Type
- B cells, Dendritic cells, Lymphocytes, T cells, Tregs
- Biology Area
- Immunology
- Molecular Family
- CD Molecules
- Gene ID
- 953 View all products for this Gene ID
- UniProt
- View information about CD39 on UniProt.org
Related FAQs
- What are Flexi-Fluors?
-
Flexi-Fluors are rapidly made-to-order conjugated antibodies. The technology, manufacturing processes, and specifications used to create Flexi-Fluors are the same as our regular catalog products. However, the optimal concentration and performance of each Flexi-Fluor must be determined by the customer.
- How quickly will I receive my order?
-
We aim to ship Flexi-Fluors within 2-3 weeks of receipt of your order. However, depending on your location, shipping times may vary.
- How are Flexi-Fluors different from regular catalog products?
-
Flexi-Fluors are made on demand, specifically for you. Flexi-Fluors are manufactured using the same high-quality standards, and specifications as other catalog products. For faster delivery, Flexi-Fluors are not tested by flow cytometry to determine optimal concentrations or evaluate performance. This testing needs to be performed by the customer.
- How do I determine the optimal concentration for using my Flexi-Fluor? How should I titrate my antibody?
-
Flexi-Fluors are provided at a standard 0.2 mg/mL concentration. We recommend that you titrate your antibody to determine the optimal concentration to use for your application. For many flow cytometry applications, conjugated antibodies perform well at concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 1.0 µg per million cells in 100 µL volume. We recommend that you test a range of concentrations starting from 10 µg/mL.
For example, make five 1:1 serial dilutions of your 0.2 mg/mL antibody. Add 5 µL of each dilution (including the undiluted antibody) to 100 µL of cells (at 107 cells/ml) to test six concentrations - 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.06, and 0.03 µg per million cells in 100 µL volume. Compare staining patterns or create a titration curve using the MFI or staining index to determine the optimal concentration.
- I can’t find the antibody-dye combination that I need. When will it be available?
-
We continuously update our catalog, introducing scores of new products every month. Please get in touch with our Technical Service team for an update on new products or recommendations for suitable alternatives to complete your panel. Or contact Custom Solutions to inquire about our affordable custom conjugation services.
- I need help to validate the performance of my Flexi-Fluor. Who should I contact?
-
Please get in touch with Technical Service for assistance.
- Can I order more than 50 μg of a Flexi-Fluor?
-
Yes, you can order multiple vials of the same Flexi-Fluor products. We cannot guarantee, however, that these vials will be bottled from the same lot. For bulk single-lot orders, contact our Custom Solutions team.
- What is the expiration date of my Flexi-Fluor?
-
Expiration dates can be found on the vial label or by using our CoA lookup tool.
Other Formats
View All CD39 Reagents Request Custom ConjugationCompare Data Across All Formats
This data display is provided for general comparisons between formats.
Your actual data may vary due to variations in samples, target cells, instruments and their settings, staining conditions, and other factors.
If you need assistance with selecting the best format contact our expert technical support team.
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Brilliant Violet 510™ anti-human CD39
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with CD39 (c... -
Brilliant Violet 421™ anti-human CD39
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with CD19 PE... Human paraffin-embedded placenta tissue slice was prepared w... -
Purified anti-human CD39
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes stained with purified A1,... -
Biotin anti-human CD39
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes stained with biotinylated... -
FITC anti-human CD39
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes stained with A1 FITC -
PE anti-human CD39
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with CD19 AP... Confocal image of human lymph node sample acquired using the... -
APC anti-human CD39
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with anti-hu... -
PE/Cyanine7 anti-human CD39
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes stained with A1 PE/Cyanin... Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with anti-hu... -
PerCP/Cyanine5.5 anti-human CD39
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with CD39 (c... -
Purified anti-human CD39 (Maxpar® Ready)
Human PBMCs stained with 147Sm-anti-CD20 (2H7) and 160Gd-ant... Human paraffin-embedded placenta tissue slice was stained wi... -
PE/Dazzle™ 594 anti-human CD39
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with CD39 (c... -
APC/Cyanine7 anti-human CD39
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with CD19 FI... -
Brilliant Violet 711™ anti-human CD39
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with CD19 PE... -
APC/Fire™ 750 anti-human CD39
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with CD19 FI... -
Alexa Fluor® 594 anti-human CD39
Human paraffin-embedded placenta tissue slice was prepared w... -
TotalSeq™-A0176 anti-human CD39
-
Brilliant Violet 605™ anti-human CD39
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with CD19 Al... -
TotalSeq™-C0176 anti-human CD39
-
Brilliant Violet 785™ anti-human CD39
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with CD19 Pa... -
TotalSeq™-B0176 anti-human CD39
-
TotalSeq™-D0176 anti-human CD39
-
PE/Fire™ 810 anti-human CD39 Antibody
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with anti-hu... -
PE/Cyanine5 anti-human CD39
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with anti-hu... -
PerCP/Fire™ 806 anti-human CD39
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with anti-hu... -
Spark NIR™ 685 anti-human CD39
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with anti-hu... -
Spark Red™ 718 anti-human CD39 (Flexi-Fluor™)
-
PE/Fire™ 744 anti-human CD39
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with anti-hu... -
Alexa Fluor® 700 anti-human CD39
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with anti-hu...
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