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Spark Red™ 718 anti-human CD31 (Flexi-Fluor™) Antibody

Pricing & Availability
Clone
WM59 (See other available formats)
Regulatory Status
RUO
Workshop
V P025
Other Names
PECAM-1, EndoCAM
Isotype
Mouse IgG1, κ
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Product Citations
publications
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Cat # Size Price Quantity Save
285119 50 µg £257
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Description

CD31 is a 130-140 kD type I transmembrane glycoprotein also known as platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) or Endocam. It is expressed on monocytes, platelets, granulocytes, endothelial cells and lymphocyte subsets. CD31 has been reported to bind CD38 and be involved in wound healing, angiogenesis, and cellular migration in an inflammatory situation.

Product Details
Technical Data Sheet (pdf)

Product Details

Verified Reactivity
Human, Cynomolgus, Rhesus
Reported Reactivity
African Green, Baboon
Antibody Type
Monoclonal
Host Species
Mouse
Formulation
Phosphate-buffered solution, pH 7.2, containing 0.09% sodium azide
Preparation
The antibody was purified by affinity chromatography and conjugated with Spark Red™ 718 under optimal conditions.
Concentration
0.2 mg/mL
Storage & Handling
The antibody solution should be stored undiluted between 2°C and 8°C, and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Application

FC
Recommended Usage
Flexi-Fluors™ are provided at a standard 0.2 mg/mL concentration. We recommend titrating this reagent to determine the optimal concentration for each application. For many flow cytometry applications, conjugated antibodies perform well at concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 1.0 µg per million cells in 100 µL. We recommend testing a range of concentrations starting from 10 µg/mL.

For example, make five 1:1 serial dilutions of the 0.2 mg/mL antibody. Add 5 µL of each dilution (including the undiluted antibody) to 100 µL of cells (at 107 cells/mL) to test six concentrations -- 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.06, and 0.03 µg per million cells in 100 µL volume. Compare staining patterns or create a titration curve using the MFI or staining index to determine the optimal concentration.
Excitation Laser
Red Laser (633 nm)
Application Notes

Clone WM59 has been reported to recognize the D2 extracellular portion of CD31.

Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: immunofluorescence microscopy2, immunohistochemical staining of acetone-fixed frozen tissue sections8, blocking of platelet aggregation3, and spatial biology (IBEX)11,12. Clone WM59 is not recommended for immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. The Ultra-LEAF™ purified antibody (Endotoxin < 0.01 EU/µg, Azide-Free, 0.2 µm filtered) is recommended for functional assays (Cat. No. 303143 & 303144).

The purified WM59 antibody is useful as a capture antibody for a sandwich ELISA assay, when used in conjunction with biotin anti-human CD31 antibody (Cat. No. 536604) antibody as the detection antibody.

Additional Product Notes

For more information about Flexi-Fluors™, visit our Flexi-Fluor™ page and review FAQs associated with this product line.

Application References

(PubMed link indicates BioLegend citation)
  1. Schlossman S, et al. Eds. 1995. Leucocyte Typing V Oxford University Press. New York.
  2. Muczynski KA, et al. 2003. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 14:1336. (IF)
  3. Wu XW, et al. 1997. Arterioscl. Throm. Vas. 17:3154. (Block)
  4. Nagano M, et al. 2007. Blood 110:151. (FC) PubMed
  5. MacFadyen JR, et al. 2005. FEBS Lett. 579:2569. PubMed
  6. Yoshino N, et al. 2000. Exp. Anim. (Tokyo) 49:97. (FC)
  7. Sestak K, et al. 2007. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 119:21.
  8. Wicki A, et al. 2012. Clin. Cancer Res. 18:454. (FC, IHC) PubMed
  9. Oeztuerk-Winder F, et al. 2012. EMBO J. 31:3431. (FC) PubMed
  10. Bushway ME, et al. 2014. Biol Reprod. 90(5): 110 (IF) PubMed
  11. Radtke AJ, et al. 2020. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 117:33455-33465. (SB) PubMed
  12. Radtke AJ, et al. 2022. Nat Protoc. 17:378-401. (SB) PubMed
RRID
AB_3106367 (BioLegend Cat. No. 285119)

Antigen Details

Structure
Ig superfamily, type I transmembrane glycoprotein, 130-140 kD
Distribution

Monocytes, platelets, granulocytes, endothelial cells, lymphocyte subset

Function
Cell adhesion, signal transduction
Ligand/Receptor
CD38
Cell Type
Endothelial cells, Granulocytes, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Neutrophils, Platelets
Biology Area
Angiogenesis, Cell Adhesion, Cell Biology, Immunology, Neuroinflammation, Neuroscience
Molecular Family
Adhesion Molecules, CD Molecules
Antigen References
  1. DeLisser H, et al. 1994. Immunol. Today 15:490.
  2. Newman P, 1997. J. Clin. Invest. 99:3.
  3. Fawcett J, et al. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 128:1229.
Gene ID
5175 View all products for this Gene ID
UniProt
View information about CD31 on UniProt.org

Related FAQs

What are Flexi-Fluors?

Flexi-Fluors are rapidly made-to-order conjugated antibodies. The technology, manufacturing processes, and specifications used to create Flexi-Fluors are the same as our regular catalog products. However, the optimal concentration and performance of each Flexi-Fluor must be determined by the customer. 

How quickly will I receive my order?

We aim to ship Flexi-Fluors within 2-3 weeks of receipt of your order. However, depending on your location, shipping times may vary. 

How are Flexi-Fluors different from regular catalog products?

Flexi-Fluors are made on demand, specifically for you. Flexi-Fluors are manufactured using the same high-quality standards, and specifications as other catalog products. For faster delivery, Flexi-Fluors are not tested by flow cytometry to determine optimal concentrations or evaluate performance. This testing needs to be performed by the customer.

How do I determine the optimal concentration for using my Flexi-Fluor? How should I titrate my antibody?

Flexi-Fluors are provided at a standard 0.2 mg/mL concentration. We recommend that you titrate your antibody to determine the optimal concentration to use for your application. For many flow cytometry applications, conjugated antibodies perform well at concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 1.0 µg per million cells in 100 µL volume. We recommend that you test a range of concentrations starting from 10 µg/mL. 

 

For example, make five 1:1 serial dilutions of your 0.2 mg/mL antibody.  Add 5 µL of each dilution (including the undiluted antibody) to 100 µL of cells (at 107 cells/ml) to test six concentrations - 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.06, and 0.03 µg per million cells in 100 µL volume. Compare staining patterns or create a titration curve using the MFI or staining index to determine the optimal concentration. 

I can’t find the antibody-dye combination that I need. When will it be available?

We continuously update our catalog, introducing scores of new products every month. Please get in touch with our Technical Service team for an update on new products or recommendations for suitable alternatives to complete your panel. Or contact Custom Solutions to inquire about our affordable custom conjugation services. 

I need help to validate the performance of my Flexi-Fluor. Who should I contact?

Please get in touch with Technical Service for assistance. 

Can I order more than 50 μg of a Flexi-Fluor?

Yes, you can order multiple vials of the same Flexi-Fluor products.  We cannot guarantee, however, that these vials will be bottled from the same lot. For bulk single-lot orders, contact our Custom Solutions team.

What is the expiration date of my Flexi-Fluor?

Expiration dates can be found on the vial label or by using our CoA lookup tool. 

Go To Top Version: 1    Revision Date: 02/06/2024

For Research Use Only. Not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.

 

This product is supplied subject to the terms and conditions, including the limited license, located at www.biolegend.com/terms) ("Terms") and may be used only as provided in the Terms. Without limiting the foregoing, BioLegend products may not be used for any Commercial Purpose as defined in the Terms, resold in any form, used in manufacturing, or reverse engineered, sequenced, or otherwise studied or used to learn its design or composition without express written approval of BioLegend. Regardless of the information given in this document, user is solely responsible for determining any license requirements necessary for user’s intended use and assumes all risk and liability arising from use of the product. BioLegend is not responsible for patent infringement or any other risks or liabilities whatsoever resulting from the use of its products.

 

BioLegend, the BioLegend logo, and all other trademarks are property of BioLegend, Inc. or their respective owners, and all rights are reserved.

 

8999 BioLegend Way, San Diego, CA 92121 www.biolegend.com
Toll-Free Phone: 1-877-Bio-Legend (246-5343) Phone: (858) 768-5800 Fax: (877) 455-9587

This data display is provided for general comparisons between formats.
Your actual data may vary due to variations in samples, target cells, instruments and their settings, staining conditions, and other factors.
If you need assistance with selecting the best format contact our expert technical support team.

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