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| Mitochondria are best known for their ability to produce ATP, but are also involved in other cellular processes like apoptosis, regulation of reactive oxygen species, and maintenance of ionic homeostasis. Since mitochondria are vital components of the cell, their dysfunction in neurons can lead to neuronal death and has been associated with neurodegenerative disease. Elucidate mechanisms of neurodegeneration by characterizing mitochondrial function, localization, and size, with BioLegend’s effective and affordable reagents. |
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 NIH3T3 cells co-stained with MitoSpy™ Red (red), Phalloidin (green) and DAPI (blue). |
MitoSpy™ probes fluorescently label mitochondria by specifically localizing to their membranes. MitoSpy™ NIR, Red, and Orange are attracted to the mitochondrial membrane potential and can be used as cell health indicators, while MitoSpy™ Green can be used to measure mitochondrial mass with flow cytometry. MitoSpy™ Red and Orange are also compatible with cell fixation and permeabilization, allowing for co-staining with antibodies. |
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| Mitochondrial Function | Antibody Target | Disease Association |
|---|---|---|
| Mitochondrial fusion/fission | APP, FIS, MFF, Mitofusin-1 | Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s |
| Mitochondrial distribution/trafficking | Grp75 (Mortalin), SOD1, Tau, VDAC1 | Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
| Mitophagy/Autophagy | DJ1 (PARK7), LRRK2, Parkin, PINK1 | Parkinson’s |
| Ionic homeostasis | Presenilin 2 | Alzheimer’s |
| Mitochondrial DNA maintenance | TFAM | Parkinson’s |
| Electron transport chain | α-Synuclein, UQCRC1 | Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s |
| Mitochondrial membrane channel regulation | TOMM40 | Alzheimer’s |
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