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- Clone
- C3 (See other available formats)
- Regulatory Status
- RUO
- Other Names
- Microtubule-associated protein tau, PHF-tau, paired helical filament-tau, neurofibrillary tangle, microtubule-associated protein tau, isoform 4, G protein beta1/gamma2 subunit-interacting factor 1, DDPAC, FTDP-17, MAPTL, MSTD, MTBT1, MTBT2, PPND
- Previously
-
Signet Catalog# 9410-02
Signet Catalog# 9410-05
Signet Catalog# 9410-10
Covance Catalog# SIG-39410
- Isotype
- Mouse IgG1
- Ave. Rating
- Submit a Review
- Product Citations
- publications
-
IHC staining of purified anti-Tau, x-421 antibody (clone C3) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded diseased human brain tissue. Following antigen retrieval using Sodium Citrate H.I.E.R., the tissue was incubated with the primary antibody at 10 µg/mL overnight at 4°C. BioLegend's Ultra Streptavidin (USA) HRP Detection Kit was used for detection followed by hematoxylin counterstaining. -
Three unique recombinant protein samples were used to determine the specificity of this antibody in western blot: lane 1: 10 ng of recombinant human Tau spanning residues 1-421, lane 2: 10 ng of recombinant Human Tau spanning residues 1-441 (Cat. No. 842501) and lane 3: 2 ng of Human Tau ladder which contains the 6 Tau isoforms. The 3 samples of recombinant proteins were resolved on a 4-12% Bis-Tris gel, transferred to a PVDF membrane, and probed with Purified anti-Tau, x-421 (clone C3) (Left Blot) or Purified anti-Tau, 6-18 (clone Tau 12) (Cat. No. 806502) overnight at 4°C (Right Blot). Proteins were visualized by chemiluminescence detection using HRP Goat anti-mouse IgG (Cat. No. 405306) at a 1:3000 dilution. Western-Ready™ ECL Substrate Premium Kit (Cat. No. 426319) was used as a detection agent. Lane M: Molecular weight marker -
Direct ELISA of Purified anti-Tau, x-421 (clone C3). ELISA was performed by coating wells with either 2 µg of Recombinant Human Tau 1 - 421 (red dots) or Recombinant Human Tau 1 - 441 (blue dots, Cat. No. 842501). The wells were then incubated with the primary antibodies at room temperature for 2 hours. Bound antibodies were detected with HRP Goat anti-mouse IgG (Cat. No. 405306) followed by TMB High Sensitivity Substrate Solution (Cat. No. 421501). Absorbance was measured at 450 nm.
Tau proteins are microtubule-associated protein (MAPs) which are abundant in neurons of the central nervous system, but are also expressed at very low levels in CNS astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and elsewhere. One of tau's main functions is to modulate the stability of axonal microtubules. Tau is active primarily in the distal portions of axons providing microtubule stabilization as well as flexibility. Pathologies and dementias of the nervous system such as Alzheimer's disease feature tau proteins that have become defective and no longer stabilize microtubules properly. As a result, tau forms aggregates with specific structural properties referred to as Paired Helical Filaments (PHFs) that are a characteristic of many different types of dementias, known as tauopathies.
Tau has two primary ways of controlling microtubule stability: isoforms and phosphorylation. Six tau isoforms exist in human brain tissue, and they are distinguished by the number of binding domains. Three isoforms have three binding domains and the remaining three have four binding domains. The binding domains are located in the carboxy-terminus of the protein and are positively-charged (for binding to the negatively-charged microtubule). Tau isoforms with four binding domains are better at stabilizing microtubules than those with three binding domains.
Thus, in the human brain, the tau proteins constitute a family of six isoforms with the range from 352-441 amino acids. They also differ in either zero, one or two inserts of 29 amino acids at the N-terminal part (exon 2 and 3), and three or four repeat-binding regions at the C-terminus. So, the longest isoform in the CNS has four repeats (R1, R2, R3 and R4) and two inserts (441 amino acids total), while the shortest isoform has three repeats (R1, R3 and R4) and no insert (352 amino acids total). Tau is also a phosphoprotein with 79 potential Serine (Ser) and Threonine (Thr) phosphorylation sites on the longest tau isoform. Phosphorylation has been reported on approximately 30 of these sites in normal tau proteins. Mechanisms that drive tau lesion formation in the highly prevalent sporadic form of AD are not fully understood, but appear to involve abnormal post-translational modifications (PTMs) that influence tau function, stability, and aggregation propensity.
Product Details
- Verified Reactivity
- Human
- Antibody Type
- Monoclonal
- Host Species
- Mouse
- Formulation
- Phosphate-buffered solution (no preservatives or carrier proteins).
- Preparation
- The antibody was purified by affinity chromatography.
- Concentration
- 0.5 mg/mL
- Storage & Handling
- This antibody should be handled aseptically as it is free of preservatives such as Sodium Azide. Store this antibody undiluted between 2°C and 8°C. Please note the storage condition for this antibody has been changed from -20°C to between 2°C and 8°C. You can also check the vial label or CoA to find the proper storage conditions.
- Application
-
IHC-P - Quality tested
WB, Direct ELISA - Verified - Recommended Usage
-
Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded immunohistochemical staining. For immunohistochemistry, a concentration range of 5.0 - 10 µg/mL is suggested. For western blotting, the suggested use of this reagent is 0.1 - 1 µg/mL. For ELISA applications, a concentration range of 0.01 - 1 µg/mL is recommended. It is recommended that the reagent be titrated for optimal performance for each application.
- Application Notes
-
This antibody is effective in immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC).
This antibody is specific for Tau cleaved at D421.
This antibody is effective in western blot, immunohistochemistry on formalinfixed paraffin-embedded tissues (IHC-P), and ELISA.
This antibody is specific for Tau cleaved at D421, but not full length Tau 1 – 441. -
Application References
(PubMed link indicates BioLegend citation) -
- Guillozet-Bongaarts AL, et al. 2005. Neurobiol. Aging. 26(7):1015-22. (WB, IHC)
- Horowitz PM, et al. 2004. J. Neurosci. 24(36):7895-902. (IHC)
- Arnaud LT, et al. 2009. J. Neurochem. 1:328. (WB, IF)
- Hamano T, et al. 2009. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. 6:561. (WB)
- Irwin DJ, et al. 2012. Brain 135:807. (IHC)
- Kilger E, et al. 2010. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 17:7969. (IF, IHC)
- RRID
-
AB_2564702 (BioLegend Cat. No. 806304)
AB_2564702 (BioLegend Cat. No. 806301)
AB_2564702 (BioLegend Cat. No. 806302)
Antigen Details
- Biology Area
- Cell Biology, Neurodegeneration, Neuroscience, Protein Misfolding and Aggregation
- Molecular Family
- Tau
- Gene ID
- 4137 View all products for this Gene ID
- UniProt
- View information about Tau x-421 on UniProt.org
Related FAQs
Other Formats
View All Tau, x-421 Reagents Request Custom Conjugation| Description | Clone | Applications |
|---|---|---|
| Purified anti-Tau, x-421 | C3 | IHC-P,WB,Direct ELISA |
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