Spark Red™ 718 anti-mouse CD31 (Flexi-Fluor™) Antibody

Product Details

Verified Reactivity

Mouse

Antibody Type

Monoclonal

Host Species

Rat

Immunogen

Polyoma middle T transformed EC line tEnd.1

Formulation

Phosphate-buffered solution, pH 7.2, containing 0.09% sodium azide

Preparation

The antibody was purified by affinity chromatography and conjugated with Spark Red™ 718 under optimal conditions.

Concentration

0.2 mg/mL

Storage & Handling

The antibody solution should be stored undiluted between 2°C and 8°C, and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.

Application

FC

Recommended Usage

Flexi-Fluors™ are provided at a standard 0.2 mg/mL concentration. We recommend titrating this reagent to determine the optimal concentration for each application. For many flow cytometry applications, conjugated antibodies perform well at concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 1.0 µg per million cells in 100 µL. We recommend testing a range of concentrations starting from 10 µg/mL.

For example, make five 1:1 serial dilutions of the 0.2 mg/mL antibody. Add 5 µL of each dilution (including the undiluted antibody) to 100 µL of cells (at 10⁷ cells/mL) to test six concentrations -- 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.06, and 0.03 µg per million cells in 100 µL volume. Compare staining patterns or create a titration curve using the MFI or staining index to determine the optimal concentration.

Excitation Laser

Red Laser (633 nm)

Application Notes

Anti-mouse CD31 clones 390 and MEC13.3 bind to their respective non-overlapping epitopes in IgD2 of CD31.⁸ Additional reported applications (in the relevant formats) include: immunoprecipitation¹, in vitro and in vivo blocking of CD31-mediated cell-cell interactions^1-4, immunohistochemical staining^1,5,6 of acetone-fixed frozen sections and zinc-fixed paraffin-embedded sections, and spatial biology (IBEX)^12,13.
Special Note: The antibody works well on acetone-fixed frozen sections as well as Zinc-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. It sometime works on formalin-fixed and paraformaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections but inconsistent results have been reported. This antibody is not recommended for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections or for Western blot analysis. The Ultra-LEAF™ Purified antibody (Endotoxin < 0.01 EU/µg, Azide-Free, 0.2 µm filtered) is recommended for functional assays (Cat. No. 102529 and 102530).

Additional Product Notes

For more information about Flexi-Fluors™, visit our Flexi-Fluor™ page and review FAQs associated with this product line.

Application References

1. Vecchi A, et al. 1994. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 63:247. (IP, IHC, Block)
2. Christofidou-Solomidou M, et al. 1997. J. Immunol. 158:4872. (Block)
3. DeLisser HM, et al. 1997. Am. J. Pathol. 151:671. (Block)
4. Rosenblum WI, et al. 1994. Am. J. Pathol. 145:33. (Block)
5. Baldwin HS, et al. 1994. Development 120:2539. (IHC)
6. Voswinckel R, et al. 2003. Circ. Res. 93:372. (IHC)
7. Leung VW, et al. 2009. Am J. Pathol. 175:1757. PubMed
8. Chacko AM, et al. 2012. PLoS One 7:e34958.
9. Giacomini C, et al. 2014. Exp Eye Res. 18:1. PubMed
10. Morita R, et al. 2015. PNAS. 112:160. PubMed
11. Ito A, et al. 2015. Brain Res. 1594:310. PubMed
12. Radtke AJ, et al. 2020. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 117:33455-65. (SB) PubMed
13. Radtke AJ, et al. 2022. Nat Protoc. 17:378-401. (SB) PubMed

RRID

AB_3106343 (BioLegend Cat. No. 285088)

Antigen Details

Structure

Ig superfamily, 130-140 kD

Distribution

Endothelial cells, platelets, granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B cell subsets

Function

Adhesion

Ligand/Receptor

CD38, α_V/β₃ integrin

Cell Type

B cells, Dendritic cells, Endothelial cells, Granulocytes, Macrophages, Monocytes, Neutrophils, Platelets, T cells

Biology Area

Angiogenesis, Cell Adhesion, Cell Biology, Immunology, Neuroinflammation, Neuroscience

Molecular Family

Adhesion Molecules, CD Molecules

Antigen References

1. Barclay AN, et al. 1997. The Leukocyte Antigen FactsBook Academic Press.
2. DeLisser HM, et al. 1994. Immunol. Today 15:490.
3. Newman PJ, et al. 1990. Science 247:1219.

Gene ID

18613 View all products for this Gene ID

UniProt

View information about CD31 on UniProt.org

Documentation

• Technical Data Sheet (pdf)
• Certificate of Analysis
• Material Safety Data Sheet

Reviews

Related Protocols

• Cell Surface Flow Cytometry Staining Protocol

Related Pages & Pathways

Related FAQs

What are Flexi-Fluors?

Flexi-Fluors are rapidly made-to-order conjugated antibodies. The technology, manufacturing processes, and specifications used to create Flexi-Fluors are the same as our regular catalog products. However, the optimal concentration and performance of each Flexi-Fluor must be determined by the customer. 

How quickly will I receive my order?

We aim to ship Flexi-Fluors within 2-3 weeks of receipt of your order. However, depending on your location, shipping times may vary. 

How are Flexi-Fluors different from regular catalog products?

Flexi-Fluors are made on demand, specifically for you. Flexi-Fluors are manufactured using the same high-quality standards, and specifications as other catalog products. For faster delivery, Flexi-Fluors are not tested by flow cytometry to determine optimal concentrations or evaluate performance. This testing needs to be performed by the customer.

How do I determine the optimal concentration for using my Flexi-Fluor? How should I titrate my antibody?

Flexi-Fluors are provided at a standard 0.2 mg/mL concentration. We recommend that you titrate your antibody to determine the optimal concentration to use for your application. For many flow cytometry applications, conjugated antibodies perform well at concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 1.0 µg per million cells in 100 µL volume. We recommend that you test a range of concentrations starting from 10 µg/mL. 

 

For example, make five 1:1 serial dilutions of your 0.2 mg/mL antibody.  Add 5 µL of each dilution (including the undiluted antibody) to 100 µL of cells (at 10⁷ cells/ml) to test six concentrations - 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.06, and 0.03 µg per million cells in 100 µL volume. Compare staining patterns or create a titration curve using the MFI or staining index to determine the optimal concentration. 

I can’t find the antibody-dye combination that I need. When will it be available?

We continuously update our catalog, introducing scores of new products every month. Please get in touch with our Technical Service team for an update on new products or recommendations for suitable alternatives to complete your panel. Or contact Custom Solutions to inquire about our affordable custom conjugation services. 

I need help to validate the performance of my Flexi-Fluor. Who should I contact?

Please get in touch with Technical Service for assistance. 

Can I order more than 50 μg of a Flexi-Fluor?

Yes, you can order multiple vials of the same Flexi-Fluor products.  We cannot guarantee, however, that these vials will be bottled from the same lot. For bulk single-lot orders, contact our Custom Solutions team.

What is the expiration date of my Flexi-Fluor?

Expiration dates can be found on the vial label or by using our CoA lookup tool. 

Other Formats

Certificate of Analysis